Cerebral Palsy-Lengthening of the Elbow Flexors in Cerebral Palsy

Lengthening of the Elbow Flexors in Cerebral Palsy

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This study examined the gross and histological abnormalities of the talus bone in a club foot. The study involved a talus from a boy with multiple congenital anomalies who died at nine days old. The gross abnormalities observed in the club-foot talus included smaller size and increased medial deviation of a stunted, misshapen head and neck region. Histological sections of both the normal and club-foot talus allowed for three-dimensional appreciation of the bones and assessment of histological and cytological features. The club-foot talus had a smaller and eccentrically positioned ossification center, with marked histological abnormalities in the head and neck region. These abnormalities involved extensive breaching of the endochondral sequence by vessels. The extra-osseous and intra-osseous blood supply of both talus bones was normal, except for increased and irregular breaching of the endochondral sequence in the club-foot talus. The study suggests that there are histological abnormalities in the head and neck region of the club-foot talus, supporting the theory of a primary defect in the cartilage anlage. It also suggests that early open reduction of the talocalcaneal navicular joint in a foot with club foot may not correct the underlying structural abnormality of the talus.

Keywords

gross abnormalities

histological abnormalities

talus bone

club foot

congenital anomalies

stunted head

misshapen neck

ossification center

endochondral sequence

blood supply