Compartment Syndrome-Overview-Compartment Syndrome

Overview-Compartment Syndrome

Pdf Summary

Compartment syndrome is a condition in which the pressure within an osteofascial compartment becomes elevated to nonphysiologic levels. This can occur as a result of various factors, including trauma, prolonged limb compression, arterial injury, and infections. The increased pressure compromises the circulation and function of the compartment, leading to a progressive pathologic alteration in compartmental physiology.<br /><br />There are multiple osteofascial compartments in the upper extremity, including the brachium/arm, antebrachium/forearm, and hand. Compartment syndrome can develop in any of these compartments, and it may present with symptoms such as pain, paresthesias, paralysis, pallor, and pulselessness.<br /><br />Diagnosing compartment syndrome is primarily a clinical process, although objective testing methods such as needle manometry can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment involves emergent surgical decompression of the affected compartments. Prophylactic fasciotomies may be performed in patients at high risk for developing compartment syndrome. Perioperative considerations include removing external sources of limb compression, positioning the limb at the level of the heart, medical resuscitation, and monitoring for myonecrosis.<br /><br />Postoperative care involves minimizing swelling, using a functional orthosis to reduce stiffness and contractures, and performing range of motion exercises. Delayed wound closure and reconstruction may be necessary, and postoperative therapy should focus on restoring range of motion.<br /><br />In conclusion, compartment syndrome is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome and understanding the appropriate treatment and postoperative management are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.

Keywords

compartment syndrome

elevated pressure

osteofascial compartment

trauma

limb compression

arterial injury

infections

diagnosis

surgical decompression

postoperative care