Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Factitious Disorders-Modalities for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Modalities for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Pdf Summary

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), previously known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy, is a condition characterized by pain, trophic changes, and autonomic dysfunction in either the absence or presence of a discrete nerve lesion. The incidence of CRPS is higher in females and in smokers. It is challenging to diagnose and often associated with adverse patient outcomes and litigation. Treatment options for CRPS are varied, controversial, and often only modestly supported by evidence.<br /><br />Prevention of CRPS can be achieved through proper surgical techniques and the use of Vitamin C as an antioxidant after certain fractures. Psychological therapy, such as pain acceptance and graded exposure therapy, can help reduce pain-related fear and disability. Physical and occupational therapy are also effective in managing CRPS symptoms, with early motion and electroanalgesia being recommended. Corticosteroids and neuroleptics, such as gabapentin, have shown modest evidence for use in treatment. Antidepressants, narcotics, anesthetics, ketamine, and calcitonin are also recommended treatment options, although evidence supporting their effectiveness varies. Free radical scavengers and sympathetic blockade techniques have also shown some benefits in managing CRPS symptoms.<br /><br />Spinal cord stimulation has been found to be effective in treating CRPS, but results vary. Amputation is a rarely pursued option that has shown some improvement in pain, but more research is needed to determine the risks and benefits. A multidisciplinary approach that includes physical and occupational therapists, counselors, and pain medicine specialists is suggested for the management of CRPS.

Keywords

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

CRPS

reflex sympathetic dystrophy

pain

trophic changes

autonomic dysfunction

diagnosis

treatment options

prevention

multidisciplinary approach