Congenital Differences-Thumb Hypoplasia

Thumb Hypoplasia

Pdf Summary

Thumb hypoplasia is a congenital condition characterized by underdevelopment of the thumb. It can range from a slight decrease in size to complete absence of the thumb. Thumb hypoplasia is often part of a spectrum of radial longitudinal deficiency, which may affect other organ systems as well. The decision to reconstruct the existing thumb or perform a pollicization procedure (using the index finger as a replacement thumb) depends on the stability of the trapeziometacarpal joint. Ultrasound imaging may help in determining the appropriate treatment approach. The goal of surgical treatment is to provide a stable and functional thumb. Thumb hypoplasia is often classified based on the severity of the deformity and physical findings. Treatment options for different types of thumb hypoplasia include hand reconstruction, ligament reconstruction, and pollicization. Thumb reconstruction usually involves addressing the narrowing of the first web space, instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint, and absence of intrinsic thumb muscles. Pollicization is recommended for thumbs without carpometacarpal joint stability. The pollicization procedure involves ablation of the hypoplastic thumb and using the index finger as a replacement thumb. Results of thumb reconstruction are generally good, while the results of pollicization depend on the status of the transposed index finger. Complications can occur with both procedures, and the timing of surgery remains controversial. Overall, thumb hypoplasia can be managed effectively with appropriate surgical interventions.

Keywords

thumb hypoplasia

congenital condition

underdevelopment

thumb

radial longitudinal deficiency

reconstruct

pollicization procedure

trapeziometacarpal joint

ultrasound imaging

surgical treatment